Epicardial fat thickness among neonates of diabetic mothers attending the neonatal intensive care unit at Fayoum University Hospital: a case control study

Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette

Table 1 Comparisons of demographic characteristics and anthropometric measures in different study groups

Variables	Group I (N = 18)	Group II (N = 18)	Group III (N = 18)	P value
Age (days)
Mean ± SD	5.78 ± 0.81	6.06 ± 1.1	6.28 ± 0.83	0.27
Sex
Female	7 (38.9%)	12 (66.7%)	6 (33.3%)	0.09
Male	11 (61.1%)	6 (33.3%)	12 (66.7%)	0.09
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	1 (5.6%)	1 (5.6%)	2 (11.1%)	0.76
Caesarean section	17 (94.4%)	17 (94.4%)	16 (88.9%)	0.76
Gestational age (weeks)	37.9 ± 0.83	38.1 ± 0.64	38.5 ± 0.92	0.11
Birth weight (Grams)	3444.4 ± 197.7	3502.8 ± 239.2	3058.3 ± 175.9	0.99 a < 0.001 b,c*
Recumbent length (cm)	49.9 ± 1.2	49.7 ± 1.3	49.6 ± 1.1	0.81
Head circumference (cm)	35.2 ± 0.92	35.2 ± 0.94	35 ± 0.62	0.75

Group I: neonates of well-controlled diabetic mothers. Group II: neonates of poorly controlled diabetic mothers. Group III: neonates of healthy, non-diabetic mothers; SD standard deviation; *a, significance difference between Group Is and II; *b, significance difference between Groups I and III; *c, significance difference between Groups II and III