Diagnosis, management and prevention of Pediatric Acute Hemolytic Anemia: Egyptian adapted evidence-based clinical practice guidelines

Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette

Table 2 Differential diagnosis of AIHA [23]

Congenital forms	Spherocytosis and other defects of the erythrocyte membrane proteins; erythrocyte enzyme deficiency; dyserythropoietic anemia; hemoglobinopathies; Wilson’s disease
Hemolytic anemia from mechanical causes	Synthetic heart valves; march hemoglobinuria; cardiopulmonary bypass
Hemolytic anemia due to vascular injury	Microangiopathic anemia; thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; hemolytic-uremic syndrome; disseminated intravascular coagulation; arterio-venous malformations
Hemolytic anemia due to thermal damage	Extensive burns
Hemolytic anemia from chemical causes	Chemicals: solvents; methyl chloride; lead; arsenic and hydrogen; snake venom
Hemolytic anemia due to infectious agents	Bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Clostridium welchii); viruses (cytomegalovirus, herpes virus); protozoa (Plasmodium spp.)