Table 4 Tissue Doppler imaging measurements in celiac patients and healthy controls

Septal wall

S wave velocity

7.97 ± 1.44

11.33 ± 1.57

 < 0.001

E′ wave velocity

13.4 ± 2.72

14.44 ± 1.16

0.036

a′ wave velocity

7.22 ± 1.33

7.83 ± 1.13

0.033

E′/a′ ratio

2 ± 0.64

1.87 ± 0.25

0.283

Lateral wall (mitral valve)

S wave velocity

8.1 ± 2.3

10.81 ± 1.62

 < 0.001

E′ wave velocity

16.38 ± 3.64

15.25 ± 1.25

0.080

a′ wave velocity

8.45 ± 3.45

5.39 ± 1.13

 < 0.001

E′/a′ ratio

2.13 ± 0.87

2.94 ± 0.61

 < 0.001

E/e′ ratio

6 ± 1.39

6.41 ± 0.7

0.104

MPI (Tie index)

0.33 ± 0.10

0.35 ± 0.03

0.04

Anterior wall (tricuspid valve)

S wave velocity

12 ± 2.66

14.53 ± 2.05

 < 0.001

E′ wave velocity

15.62 ± 2.85

13.75 ± 1.48

 < 0.001

a′ wave velocity

10.42 ± 3.46

8.61 ± 1.1

0.003

E′/a′ ratio

1.58 ± 0.55

1.62 ± 0.27

0.676

E/e′ ratio

6.09 ± 0.8

4.15 ± 1.33

 < 0.001

MPI (Tie index)

0.33 ± 0.08

0.28 ± 0.02

0.001