Table 1 Demographic and baseline biochemical variables at time of admission
Parameters | Group 1 (0.9%) (N=72) | Group 2 (0.45%) (N=49) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 7.11 ± 3.77 | 7.39 ± 3.87 | 0.69 |
Sex n (%) | |||
Male | 39 (45.8%) | 17 (34.7%) | 0.03 |
Female | 33 (54.2%) | 32 (65.3%) | |
Degree of dehydration n (%) | |||
Moderate | 17 (23.6%) | 10 (20.4%) | 0.43 |
Severe | 55 (76.4%) | 39 (79.6%) | |
DKA presentation n (%) | |||
Newly diagnosed | 42 (41.7%) | 24 (51%) | 0.59 |
Known to have diabetes | 30 (58.3%) | 25 (49%) | |
Shock therapy (ml/kg) n (%) | |||
No | 15 (20.8%) | 25 (51%) | 0.001 |
10 ml/kg | 15 (20.8%) | 3 (6.1%) | |
20 ml/kg | 19 (26.4%) | 4 (8.2%) | |
30 ml/kg | 23 (31.9%) | 17 (34.7%) | |
Rate of fluids (maintenance + deficit) ml/kg/h (mean ± SD) | 99.93 ± 26.88 | 94.16 ± 31.13 | 0.34 |
Actual fluid intake (L) (median) | 4.73 | 4.45 | 0.39 |
Patients received bicarbonate therapy | 13 (18.1%) | 11 (22.4%) | 0.36 |
Mean insulin dose (IU/kg/h) mean ± SD | |||
1st 6 h | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.80 |
After 1st 6 h | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.48 |
Duration of DKA resolution (hours) (median, range) | 14 (6–40) | 10 (6–38) | 0.43 |
Glucose (mg/dl) (mean ± SD) | 532.67 ± 157 | 550.14 ± 139.64 | 0.53 |
Serum Na (meq/L) (mean ± SD) | 133.58 ± 4.56 | 134.16 ± 4.24 | 0.47 |
Corrected Na (meq/L) (mean ± SD) | 142.4 ± 4.54 | 143.12 ± 4.75 | 0.40 |
Serum CL(meq/L) (mean ± SD) | 102.67 ± 5.02 | 102.91 ± 4.49 | 0.81 |
CL:Na ratio (mean ± SD) | 0.77 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.18 | 0.97 |
BHOB (mmol/L) (mean ± SD) | 5.44 ± 1.13 | 5.43 ± 1.55 | 0.95 |
PH (mean ± SD) | 7.08 ± 0.099 | 7.06 ± 0.12 | 0.39 |
HCO3 (meq/L) (mean ± SD) | 5.8 ± 2.5 | 6 ± 2.7 | 0.65 |
Anion gap (mean ± SD) | 25.9 ± 4.4 | 24.6 ± 3.5 | 0.12 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) (mean ± SD) | 0.75 ± 0.24 | 0.76 ± 0.31 | 0.81 |
Effective osmolality (mosmol/L) (mean ± SD) | 297.1 ± 11.9 | 300.9 ± 11.3 | 0.07 |
Severity of DKA n (%) | |||
Moderate (n=49) | 29 (40.3%) | 20 (40.8%) | 0.95 |
Severe (n= 72) | 43 (59.7%) | 29 (59.2%) | |