From: Sources of academic stress among Iranian adolescents: a multilevel study from Qazvin City, Iran
Variables | Financial issues | Parents’ involvement | Peer pressure | School regulations | Academic competition | Interaction with teachers | Future uncertainty | Education system | Home life | Total academic stress |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
School-level | ||||||||||
Male gender | 0.52 (0.08, 0.93)* | 1.31 (0.92, 1.70)*** | 0.68 (0.160, 1.20)** | – | – | − 0.63 (− 1.02, − 0.23)*** | − 0.94 (− 1.57, − 0.30)** | − 0.56 (− 1.46, 0.34) | − 0.82 (− 1.73, 0.15) | – |
Secondary educational period | 0.71 (0.29, 1.13)** | – | – | 1.24 (0.76, 1.70)*** | − 1.91 (− 2.56, − 1.27)*** | 0.75 (0.37, 1.13)*** | 0.99 (0.37, 1.61)** | 2.15 (1.27, 3.04)*** | 1..93 (1.02, 2.80)*** | 6.15 (2.81, 9.49)*** |
School type (ref: governmental) | ||||||||||
Special | − 0.41 (− 0.94, 0.12) | – | – | 0.85 (0.26, 1.44)** | – | 0.27 (− 0.21, 0.75) | – | 1.98 (0.88, 3.08)*** | – | – |
Private | − 0.14 (− 0.74, 0.45) | − 0.63 (− 1.28, 0.01) | – | − 0.82 (− 1.36, − 0.28)** | – | 0.43 (− 0.77, 1.64) | – | – | ||
Individual level | ||||||||||
Family SES (ref: high) | ||||||||||
Moderate | 0.76 (0.37, 1.16)*** | – | 0.48 (0.02, 0.92)* | – | – | 0.19 (− 1.36, 0.28) | – | – | 1.01 (0.32, 1.70)** | 2.55 (0.03, 5.08)* |
Low | 1.68 (1.24, 2.11)*** | – | 1.12 (0.65, 1.68)*** | – | – | 0.51 (0.16, 0.85)** | – | – | 2.74 (1.99, 3.49)*** | 7.27 (4.61, 9.90)*** |
Father’s education (ref: illiterate ) | ||||||||||
Primary/secondary school | − 0.44 (− 1.83, 0.94) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 0.83 (− 3.27, 1.59) | – |
High school/diploma | − 0.68 (− 2.06, 0.71) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 1.22 (− 3.67, 1.22) | – |
Bachelor | − 0.90 (− 2.30, 0.49) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 0.82 (− 3.29, 1.65) | – |
Masters/Ph.D | − 1.00 (− 2.43, 0.43) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 1.52 (− 4.05, 0.99) | – |