Table 2 Multivariable log binomial model of the factors associated with optimal cognitive development
Variable | Risk Ratio | 95%CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Stunting status (ref: not stunted) | |||
 Stunted | 0.93 | 0.89, 0.98 | 0.003* |
Underweight status (ref: not underweight) | |||
 Underweight | 0.98 | 0.92, 1.04 | 0.527 |
Residence (ref: urban) | |||
 Rural | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.07 | 0.241 |
Region (ref: Alibori) | |||
 Atacora | 1.38 | 1.25, 1.53 | < 0.001* |
 Atlantic | 1.46 | 1.33, 1.61 | < 0.001* |
 Borgou | 0.94 | 0.85, 1.05 | 0.274 |
 Collines | 1.30 | 1.18, 1.44 | < 0.001* |
 Couffo | 1.28 | 1.14, 1.44 | < 0.001* |
 Donga | 1.37 | 1.23, 1.52 | < 0.001* |
 Littoral | 1.40 | 1.26, 1.55 | < 0.001* |
 Mono | 1.27 | 1.12, 1.44 | < 0.001* |
 Oueme | 1.49 | 1.35, 1.65 | < 0.001* |
 Plateau | 1.10 | 0.98, 1.25 | 0.108 |
 Zou | 1.30 | 1.17, 1.44 | < 0.001* |
Household wealth quintile (ref: poorest) | |||
 Poorer | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.07 | 0.737 |
 Middle | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.07 | 0.887 |
 Richer | 0.96 | 0.90, 1.02 | 0.217 |
 Richest | 0.98 | 0.91, 1.06 | 0.589 |
Birth order (ref: 1st) | |||
 2nd | 0.95 | 0.69, 1.30 | 0.740 |
 3rd | 0.94 | 0.68, 1.29 | 0.688 |
 4th | 0.92 | 0.67, 1.27 | 0.613 |
 5th | 0.92 | 0.66, 1.28 | 0.624 |
 6th + | 0.95 | 0.68, 1.31 | 0.740 |
Preceding birth interval (ref: first born) | |||
 < 24 months | 0.99 | 0.72, 1.37 | 0.969 |
 24–35 months | 1.04 | 0.75, 1.43 | 0.816 |
 36–47 months | 1.03 | 0.75, 1.42 | 0.870 |
 48–83 months | 1.07 | 0.78, 1.48 | 0.670 |
 84 months + | 1.03 | 0.74, 1.45 | 0.849 |
Age of child | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.01 | 0.072 |
Religion (ref: Christianity) | |||
 Islam | 0.93 | 0.88, 0.98 | 0.012* |
 Traditional and other religion | 0.79 | 0.74, 0.85 | < 0.001* |
 No religion | 0.86 | 0.81, 0.97 | 0.012* |
Mother’s education (ref: no education) | |||
 Primary | 1.01 | 0.97, 1.06 | 0.660 |
 Secondary | 1.08 | 1.02, 1.14 | 0.004* |
 Tertiary | 1.23 | 1.10, 1.39 | < 0.001* |
Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine by mothers (ref: not at all) | |||
 Less than once a week | 0.96 | 0.89, 1.04 | 0.328 |
 At least once a week | 0.98 | 0.87, 1.09 | 0.656 |
Frequency of listening to radio by mothers (ref: not at all) | |||
 Less than once a week | 1.16 | 1.10, 1.22 | < 0.001* |
 At least once a week | 1.05 | 1.00, 1.10 | 0.045* |
Frequency of watching television by mothers (ref: not at all) | |||
 Less than once a week | 1.06 | 1.02, 1.11 | 0.010* |
 At least once a week | 1.11 | 1.06, 1.17 | < 0.001* |
Mother’s marital status (never in union) | |||
 Currently in union/living with a man | 1.06 | 0.91, 1.23 | 0.436 |
 Formerly in union/living with a man | 1.05 | 0.89, 1.23 | 0.565 |
Mother’s employment status (unemployed) | |||
 Employed | 1.08 | 1.02, 1.14 | 0.010* |