Table 1 Basic clinical and ecocardiographic parameters of cases vs controls

Age in years

6.99 ± 3.40

2.00–13.00

66.49 ± 2.88

2.00 – 13.00

0.067

BMI (kg/m²)

15.58 ± 4.25

9.38–25.51

17.1 ± 2.57

12.2–26.00

0.06

Respiratory rate (breath/min)

39 ± 10

36–53

25.2 ± 5

20–35

0.04

Heart rate (beat/min)

110 ± 25

100–135

100 ± 21

95–120

0.06

ESPAP (mmHg)

45.83 ± 17.9

20.0–100

25.58 ± 4.43

18.0– 34.0

< 0.001*

FS (%)

40.68 ± 8.56

22.0–62.0

36.49 ± 3.19

30.0- 46.0

0.009*

EF (%)

71.75 ± 10.2

47.0–92.0

67.06 ± 3.90

58.0- 77.0

< 0.001*

TAPSE (mm)

17.15 ± 3.70

11.0–28.0

22.25 ± 2.47

15.0–27.0

0.006*

Tricuspid annular E′/A′/

1.46 ± 0.43

0.66–2.33

1.48 ± 0.34

0.64–2.43

0.985

Mitral annular E′/A′

1.60 ± 0.72

0.48–4.10

1.54 ± 0.22

0.92–2.10

0.534

Septal E′/A′

1.6 ± 0.41

0.7–3.2

1.7 ± 0.32

0.85–3.5

0.554

Mitral annular E′/A′

2 ± 0.2

1.1–2.2

1.9 ± 0.1

1.2–2.5

0.62

Tricuspid annular S′ (cm/s)

7 ± 2

6–12

8 ± 1.4

6–13

0.625

Tricuspid annular E′ (cm/s)

6 ± 2

4–10

8 ± 1.4

6–12

0.04*

Tricuspid annular A′ (cm/s)

4 ± 1.2

4–8

5 ± 1.1

3–8

0.631

Septal S′ (cm/s)

8 ± 1

7–10

9 ± 2

6–11

0.541

Septal E′ (cm/s)

5 ± 1

3–7

8 ± 2

6–12

0.03*

Septal A′ (cm/s)

3 ± 1

2–4

4 ± 1.4

2–6

0.233

Mitral annular S′ (cm/s)

6 ± 2

5–8

7 ± 2

5–10

0.321

Mitral annular E′(cm/s)

6 ± 1.3

5–8

8 ± 2

6–10

0.03*

Mitral annular A′(cm/s)

3.2±1.1

2–4

4.2 ± 1.8

3–8

0.7

Mitral E(cm/s)

83±12

70–120

77 ± 10

65–110

0.88

Mitral A(cm/s)

65±10

50–90

64 ± 8

55–85

0.77

Tricuspid E(cm/s)

79±9

66–92

71 ± 6

50–92

0.66

Tricuspid A(cm/s)

52±8

40–62

55 ± 5

42–75

0.642

Mitral annular E/E′

13±3

9–14

9.6 ± 2

8–10

0.04*

Septal annular E/E′

16.6±2

12–19

9.4 ± 3

7–10

0.02*

Tricuspid annular E/E′

13±2

10–18

8.8 ± 2

5–9

0.02*

MPI RV by TDI

0.46± 0.2

0.17– 1.04

0.29 ± 0.05

0.19–0.40

< 0.001*

MPI (mitral annular) by TDI

0.50± 0.2

0.16– 1.00

0.33 ± 0.04

0.25–0.44

< 0.001*

MPI (septal) by TDI

0.49±0.02

0.32–0.6

0.34 ± 0.06

0.22–0.39

< 0.001*