Vaccine | Reference (number in the text) | Non-specific beneficial effects in the context of COVID-19 |
---|---|---|
BCG | Freyne et al. [26] | Increases IL-6 and blocks its deleterious effects through inhibiting MCP-1 |
MMR | Pauksen et al. [27] | Skew adaptive immunity towards Th2 response |
DtaP | White et al. [28] | Skew adaptive immunity towards Th2 response Increases Ig E antibodies and increases IL-5 |
OPV | Kučan Brlić et al. [29] | Improves innate immunity through potentiating NK cells through reduction of CD155 receptor |