PTPN22 gene and IL2RA rs11594656, rs2104286 gene variants: additional insights of polygenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms’ pattern among Egyptian children with type 1 diabetes

Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette

Table 1 Demographic and laboratory data the two studied groups

	T1DM (n = 100)		Control (n = 50)		Test of sig.	P
	No.	%	No.	%	Test of sig.	P
Sex					χ² = 0.	0.729
Male	47	47	55	55	12
Female	53	53	45	45
Consanguinity					1.27	0.79
Positive	18	18	10	10
Negative	82	82	90	90
Family history					32.14^*	< 0.001^*
Positive	45	45	0	0
Negative	55	55	100	100
Age (years)					t = 0.7	0.492
Mean ± SD	8.48 ± 4.514.07		6.83 ± 3.12		6
Range	2–16		1–14
Systolic blood pressure (mm/hg)
Mean ± SD	107.4 ± 6.10		110.0 ± 4.50		t = 3.199^*	0.002^*
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/hg)
Mean ± SD	67.78 ± 5.95		67.0 ± 6.44		t = 0.841	0.401
BMI (kg/m²)	18.07 ± 3.12		519.63 ± 4.07			0.831
Range	12.50–26.00		14.00–27.00		χ² = 0.593
Age of onset
2 years	10
> 2–5 years	31
> 5 years	59
Duration of illness
< 1 year	60
1–5 years	29
> 5 years	11
Presentation
DKA	64	64
Classic symptoms	36	36
HbA1c interpretation
Impaired	62	62	0	0.0	χ² = 157.50^*	< 0.001^*
Good	38	38	100	100.0	χ² = 157.50^*	< 0.001^*
HbA1C%
Min.–max	5.12–14.10		5.38–6.51		t = 14.165^*	< 0.001^*
Mean ± SD	9.03 ± 2.07		4.94 ± 0.34
Median (IQR)	9.0(7.2–10.0)		5.85(5.7–6.2)
FBS (mg/dl)
Mean ± SD	210.52 ± 46.46		91.0 ± 8.76
Median (IQR)	200.0(180.0–250.0)		91.0(85.0–98.0)
2-h pp (mg/dl)
Mean ± SD	257.11 ± 40.31		154.80 ± 11.47
Median (IQR)	260.0(220.0–300.0)		155.5(145.0–165.0)

DKA diabetic ketoacidosis, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, χ2 chi-square test, FE Fisher’s exact, IQR inter-quartile range, t Student’s t test, U Mann-Whitney test, p p value for comparing between the studied groups
*Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05