Table 4 Level of evidence and grades of recommendation based on study design
Level of evidence | |
LE: I a | *Systematic review |
LE: I b | *Level 1 studies masked comparison with a valid reference test, adequate spectrum of pt. |
LE: II | Level 11 studies (have one of these *unrepresentative sample *inadequate comparison with the reference standard *unmasked comparison, case-control studies) *Systematic review of level 11 studies |
LE: III | *Level III studies (have 2 or more described in level II studies) [12] |
Grades of recommendations | |
GR: A | *At least one meta-analysis, systematic review, or clinical trial rated 1++, body of evidence of studies rated 1+ with the overall consistency of results |
GR: B | *Body of evidence of studies rated 2++ applicable to the target, with the overall consistency of results or *Evidence extrapolated from studies rated 1++ and 1+ |
GR: C | *Body of evidence of studies rated 2+ applicable to the target, with the overall consistency of results *Evidence extrapolated from studies rated 2++ |
GR: D | *Evidence level 3 or 4 or extrapolated from studied 2+ *CGLs for UTI in children Argon Institute of Health Sciences (1+CS), 2011, SNS CGLs (1+CS) No 2009/01 [12]. |