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Table 1 Definition and grading guidelines for each of the histological features to be graded according to the Sydney classification [21]

From: Serum level of some micronutrients in children infected with Helicobacter pylori

Feature

Definition

Grading guidelines

H. pylori

Density of helicobacter like organisms overlying epithelium

None: no curved bacilli

Mild: scattered organisms covering < 1/3 of surface

Moderate: intermediate numbers

Severe: large clusters or a continuous layer over > 2/3 of the surface

Activity

Neutrophil polymorph infiltration of the lamina propria, pits or surface epithelium

None: polymorphs difficult to find

Mild: < 1/3 of pit and surface infiltrated

Moderate: 1/2 to 2/3 of pit and surface infiltrated

Severe: > 2/3 of pit and surface infiltrated

Chronic inflammation

Increase in lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria

None: lymphocytes and plasma cells are present normal in numbers

Mild: mild increase in density

Moderate: moderate increase in density

Severe: severe increase in density

Atrophy

Loss of specialized glands from either antrum or body

None: absent

Mild: mild loss

Moderate: moderate loss

Severe: severe loss