Table 2 Logistic regression output of determinants of LBW birth

Mother age (years)

< 20

1.44 (1.17-1.76)

0.000

1.21 (0.94-1.54)

0.138

20-29

≥ 30

0.98 (0.64-1.49)

0.911

1.05 (0.64-1.73)

0.837

Mother height (cm)

< 150

1.37 (1.12-1.67)

0.002

1.28 (1-1.65)

0.05

≥ 150

Mother weight (kg)

< 45

2.28 (1.89-2.76)

0.000

1.7 (1.27-2.29)

0.000

≥ 45

Mother BMI (kg/m²)

< 18.5

1.64 (1.35-2)

0.000

1.12 (0.82-1.52)

0.485

18.5-24.99

> 25

0.54 (0.37-0.8)

0.002

0.62 (0.41-0.95)

0.027

Hemoglobin level (g/dl)

< 12

2.9 (2.31-3.64)

0.000

3.33 (2.59-4.28)

0.000

≥ 12

Mother BP

Hypotension

1.14 (0.93-1.39)

0.194

0.91 (0.72-1.13)

0.381

Normotension

Hypertension

1.87 (1.33-2.62)

0.000

1.69 (1.09-2.61)

0.019

Gestational period

< 37 weeks

2.13 (1.68-2.69)

0.000

1.93 (1.49-2.5)

0.000

≥ 37 weeks

Parity

Primiparous

1.36 (1.11-1.68)

0.004

1.18 (0.92-1.52)

0.191

Pauciparous

Multiparous

1.59 (1.1-2.29)

0.014

2.31 (1.14-3.51)

0.000

Inter-pregnancy interval

< 2 year

1.11 (0.85-1.44)

0.434

> 2 year

History of chronic medical illness

Yes

2.39 (1.69-3.4)

0.000

2.09 (1.38-3.15)

0.000

No

Illness during current pregnancy

Yes

1.43 (1.01-2.03)

0.044

1.34 (0.89-2.02)

0.16

No

Dietary counseling during pregnancy

Yes

No

1.29 (1.04-1.58)

0.018

0.97 (0.66-1.42)

0.886

Additional diet during pregnancy

Yes

No

1.32 (1.09-1.6)

0.004

1.45 (1.03-2.03)

0.032

Hard physical work during pregnancy

Yes

1.66 (1.27-2.17)

0.000

1.07 (0.58-1.99)

0.818

No

Addition habit

Yes

1.15 (0.65-2.03)

0.629

No

Alcohol intake during pregnancy

Yes

1.13 (0.51-2.5)

0.77

No

Fertility desire

Yes

No

1.05 (0.77-1.41)

0.766

Iron folic acid tablet consumption

No

1.95 (1.54-2.46)

0.000

3.86 (2.54-5.87)

0.000

Yes

No. of iron folic acid tablet consumption

< 100

1.86 (1.54-2.25)

0.000

1.48 (1.18-1.87)

0.001

≥ 100

ANC follow-up status

No

1.45 (1.03-2.03)

0.034

1.35 (0.99-1.74)

0.037

Yes

No. of ANC visit

< 3

1.37 (1.11-1.7)

0.004

1.4 (1.04-1.87)

0.025

≥ 3

Time of 1st ANC visit

1st trimester

2nd trimester

1.17 (0.96-1.43)

0.123

3rd trimester

1.29 (0.76-2.2)

0.343

Child sex

Male

Female

1.1 (0.91-1.33)

0.305

Residence

Rural

1.54 (1.18-2.02)

0.002

2.6 (1.43-4.08)

0.000

Urban

Religion

Hindu

1.19 (0.86-1.66)

0.291

Muslim

Cast

General

SC/ST

1.77 (1.42-2.21)

0.000

0.99 (.74-1.34)

0.972

Educational status of father

Illiterate/ able to sign

1.84 (1.4-2.43)

0.000

1.12 (0.7-1.78)

0.633

Primary

1.02 (0.83-1.25)

0.833

0.81 (0.61-1.08)

0.155

Secondary or above

Educational status of mother

Illiterate/able to sign

1.75 (1.3-2.37)

0.000

1.06 (0.66-1.68)

0.822

Primary

1.16 (0.95-1.43)

0.142

1.05 (0.81-1.35)

0.729

Secondary or above

Father occupation

Laborers/cultivator

1.46 (1.19-1.79)

0.000

1.05 (0.79-1.39)

0.756

Business/service

Mother occupation

Cultivator

1.91 (1.13-3.22)

0.016

0.89 (0.41-1.94)

0.763

Housewife

1.1 (0.69-1.75)

0.69

0.87 (0.48-1.58)

0.658

Service

Housing condition

Kanch

1.18 (0.95-1.46)

0.123

Semi pacca

0.99 (0.77-1.27)

0.945

Pacca

Availability of latrine

No

1.78 (1.39-2.28)

0.000

1.18 (0.84-1.66)

0.33

Yes

Income (Rs)

< 1000

1.64 (1.16-2.31)

0.005

1.12 (0.71-1.77)

0.63

1000-3000

1.25 (0.91-1.73)

0.165

1.00 (0.66-1.51)

0.994

> 3000

Family size

≤ 4

1.11 (0.92-1.34)

0.284

> 4

Socioeconomic status

Lower/upper lower

1.81 (1.34-2.43)

0.000

1.64 (0.98-2.75)

0.062

Middle/lower middle

1.61 (1.18-2.2)

0.002

1.52 (0.99-2.33)

0.058

Upper/upper middle